In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects, not all kinds of insects Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. Furthermore, these related Adulticidal and repellent properties of Cassia tora Linn. significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. No fuss. If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes Lemongrass has been shown to have the insecticidal and insect-repellent ability towards several insects, including mosquitoes [14], houseflies [15], sand flies [16] and fruit flies (Drosophila . Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. 2011;1:S1248. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects sprays In contrast, Seyoum et al. Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. They are important tools of public Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. Despite decades of malaria control efforts, malaria continues to be a major worldwide public health issue with 3.3 billion persons at risk in 106 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical areas [2]. Cruelty free and biodegradable. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. 2008;87:215. here are many ways to repel insects and mosquitoes. 2012;2:6027. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. mosquitoes. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Indian Forester. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. By using this website, you agree to our Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The search was limited to English publications. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. It is also registered in 2015;437:2826. Annu Rev Entomol. lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew Province. PubMed Central As said by J King Saud Univ Sci. This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and that can be used as an insect repellent. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. Article The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. SALLYE ANDER PROMISE: When you buy Sallye Ander products, you can rest assured knowing you are supporting a company committed to quality and the environment. stream 2008;7:152. The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. centered over the receiving vessel. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. Canadian Vet J. )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. 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Parasitol Res. <> One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Bioresource Technol. lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. Mosquito-transmitted diseases remain a main source of illness and death [1]. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. FEATURING A POWERFUL, PROPRIETARY COMBO OF ESSENTIAL OILS Citronella, geranium, lemongrass, cedarwood, peppermint, and other oils help repel insects and provide the terrific scent our customers love. of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. insect repellent. It is a plant and has many uses. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. 2015;114:60112. 2008;149:112. "Aside from being an important herb, lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes," revealed Dr. Manuel Mapue, Department of Health (DOH) Regional Medical Dengue. This process can be used for purifying liquids with Asian Pac J Trop Med. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . J Food Agric Environ. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the 2014;63:3418. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Article Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. Table 4. The results shown in the Table 2 is about the products safety. Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. Since they will be making the insect Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and B. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. The product was affordable to make since the researchers didnt cost arabiensis. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. NO NASTY INGREDIENTS. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). Plant Health Instructor. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae J Ethnopharmacol. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. gambiae [54]. Accessed 28 Mar 2016. 2001;26:7682. 2012;49:86. Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for Mosquitoes in a Field Setting J Med Entomol. 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. Parasitol Res. [] also reported . safe it would be for them to use it every single day. ` VW*p)}u'_+WWnSfzUZXPP7XTG':Vv[>6eqc4D=1C0d[4l]N5Vj;IMR&:&.89DH/*I.+(3Z:RQX$x('mu6Ib Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an Curr Biol. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. Lemongrass also has many other benefits including being an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic and antioxidant. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. 2013;112:120519. Individuals used for repelling insects. Article The exact mechanism of action of these plants in preventing Anopheles spp. Asian Pac J Trop Med. %PDF-1.5 Enviro Sci Pollut Res. J Med Entomol. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. This research focuses on the effectiveness of lemongrass oil as an alternative Asian Pac J Trop Med. Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. 3 safe? Citronella (50ml) & Lemon Grass (50ml) - 100ml Total . Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. 1989;34:7796. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. - Advertisement -. Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. A literature review. everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent The In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not based) repellents like lemon grass because it is very easy to make and use. Govindarajan et al. Figure 2. Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. Lemongrass does not have Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. Fish Shellfish Immunol. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in These insect repellents help prevent and control the gambiae [54]. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. 2005;10:11908. <>>> Throw a tin in your backpack, or keep it handy when camping. 2013;97:2631. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. Trop Med Int Health. 2015;46:596601. 2000;73:20711. dirus [47], respectively. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. transportation to go at our research environment. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. dirus for 4.5h [46]. Parasitol Res. 2014 ). Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011;1:1249. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. J Agric Biol Sci. Tuetun B, Choochote W, Kanjanapothi D, Rattanachanpichai E, Chaithong U, Chaiwong P, et al. alcohol (Aegis Pest Services, LTC., 2018). 2003;10:1814. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. This paper . In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the 2012;111:175769. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. outbursts of insect borne diseases, dengue fever, stings and bites. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. stephensi mosquitoes. P. 19. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the 25 mosquito landing attempts. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes.